This is a measure of whether a result that differs from the average is likely to be real or merely a chance fluctuation. (95% CI is the range within which the true value is likely to occur.)

Death rate in a specified age-group (number of deaths per 100,000 people in that age-group)

Death rate in a specified age-group (number of deaths per 100,000 men or women in that age-group)

Death rate calculated to enable fair comparison with another area allowing for the difference in age (or age and sex) composition of the population

Deaths from all (any) cause

A term used to describe a group of diseases that affect different parts of the body but generally involve abnormal growth of a group of cells to form a 'malignant tumour'. Other terms used are 'neoplastic disease' or 'malignancy'.

Diseases of the heart or blood vessels, also called circulatory diseases.

Diseases of the heart or blood vessels, also called cardiovascular diseases. The commonest are coronary heart disease (see below) and stroke.

Disease causing angina (chest pain on exertion), heart attacks, and heart failure. They are caused by atheroma ('furring') of the coronary arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle.

Differences in health experiences and health outcomes between different population groups.

Differences in opportunity for different population groups which result in unequal life chances, access to health services, nutritious food, adequate housing, education, and so on.

Rate of occurrence of new cases of disease (within a given population over a given time period)

The range within which the middle 50% fall. One-quarter of the values are below this range and one-quarter above. (see quartile)

Another term for coronary heart disease

The theoretical time an average person born today would live if he or she had the same rate of death at each age as people who are alive at the moment.

Rate of ill health

Death rate

Heart attack

Proportion of the population with existing disease

Likely outcome

The NHS organisations responsible for organising primary care (eg general practice, community nurses, opticians, pharmacists) and commissioning secondary care (eg from acute hospitals and mental health services). There are 31 in London, covering the 33 London local authorities (see Figure 1).

When results are ranked in order from lowest to highest, they can be divided into equal-sized groups. If divided into four groups, these are called 'quartiles'. (see interquartile)

When results are ranked in order from lowest to highest, they can be divided into equal-sized groups. If divided into five groups, these are called 'quintiles'.

This refers to a grouping within the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC). The NS-SEC is an occupationally based classification and has been constructed to measure employment relations and conditions. Included in this group are those in lower supervisory, lower technical, semi-routine and routine occupations.

Death rate calculated to enable fair comparison with another area allowing for the difference in age (or age and sex) composition of the population. Expressed as a ratio to the average value - in this case England and Wales whose SMR is set to 100. Values greater than 100 indicate higher than average mortality. Values less than 100 indicate lower than average mortality.

The NHS organisations responsible for implementing Department of Health strategy and policy for the NHS, through performance management of primary care trusts and NHS trusts, to improve the health of the local population and ensure that local healthcare services meet local needs. There are five in London.

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